SOUTH AFRICA'S FORMER HEALTH MINISTER DIES

Manto, the late South African Health Minister in two different pauses


By Mike Cohen
Bloomberg
South Africa
Dec. 16 2009

South Africa’s former Health Minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, who drew international condemnation for encouraging AIDS patients to use beetroot and olive oil to stop the advance of the disease, died today. She was 69.

“I can confirm that she passed away earlier today,” Nosipho Ntwanambi, deputy president of the ruling African National Congress’s Women’s League, said by phone from Cape Town. Tshabalala-Msimang died in a Johannesburg hospital from complications related to a liver transplant, she said.

Tshabalala-Msimang was named health minister by former President Thabo Mbeki in 1999 and echoed his skepticism of the causal link between the HIV virus and AIDS, a relationship long accepted as fact by most mainstream scientists. She refused to take a public AIDS test, saying this was “a private matter,” and questioned the safety of drugs proven to prolong the lives of those infected with AIDS.

An estimated 5.7 million South Africans are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, according to UNAIDS.

Tshabalala-Msimang lost her job as health minister in September 2008 after Mbeki was ousted by the ANC. She was replaced by Barbara Hogan, and appointed as Minister in the Presidency. She was axed from the cabinet when Jacob Zuma became president in May 2009.

‘Transformation Agenda’

“At the time of her death she was serving as the National Executive Committee member of the ANC, a leadership role that she has been active in for many years,” the ANC said in an e- mailed statement. “Her death has robbed the ANC of a truly committed cadre and stalwart to the transformation agenda.”

Born in Emfume, a village south of Durban on South Africa’s eastern coast, Tshabalala-Msimang joined the ANC, which led the fight against apartheid rule, in her early 20s.

She left the country in 1962, spending the next 28 years in exile, studying medicine at the First Leningrad University in the Soviet Union and a masters degree in public health at Belgium’s University of Antwerpen. She worked as a doctor in Tanzania and Botswana and helped draft the ANC’s health policies.

When all-white rule ended in 1994 and the ANC took power she became a lawmaker, chairing the National Assembly’s health committee. She was named deputy justice minister by then- President Nelson Mandela in 1996.

As health minister, Tshabalala-Msimang also drove through more stringent tobacco laws that banned smoking in most public places. Rules limiting the mark-ups pharmacists could charge on drugs were also introduced during her tenure.
SAfrica ex-health boss dies; touted garlic for HIV


2. By CELEAN JACOBSON (AP) – 23 minutes ago
JOHANNESBURG — South Africa's former health minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, who gained notoriety for her dogged promotion of lemons, garlic and olive oil to treat AIDS, has died. She was 69.

The ruling African National Congress said Tshabalala-Msimang died in a Johannesburg hospital Wednesday from complications related to a 2007 liver transplant. Media outlets said she was possibly undergoing tests for a possible second transplant when she died.

Tshabalala-Msimang's disastrous HIV policies during her nine years in office made her the most unpopular government minister in post-apartheid South Africa. She was ridiculed locally and internationally and nicknamed "Dr. Beetroot" — another one of her suggested AIDS remedies — and "Dr. Garlic."

However, she was responsible for some advances. She improved basic services in rural areas, forced down the price of medicine, tried to stem the exodus of doctors and nurses to rich countries, and was one of the driving forces behind a global anti-tobacco treaty.

A former anti-apartheid activist, she spent nearly 30 years in exile.
"We pay homage to this gallant fighter and will forever treasure the contribution she made in the struggle for liberation and the building of our democracy," the ANC said in a statement.

Tshabalala-Msimang had a loyal defender in her close friend, former President Thabo Mbeki, partly because of his own doubts about the link between HIV and AIDS. She was replaced in 2008 after Mbeki was ousted by the ANC.

Tshabalala-Msimang and Mbeki have been blamed for not preventing over 300,000 deaths, according to Harvard University study. There have been calls by activists for them to be charged with genocide.

South Africa, a nation of about 50 million, has the world's largest number of HIV cases with some 5.7 million people infected with the virus.
The country's two subsequent health ministers have won praise for breaking with Tshabalala-Msimang's confrontational approach.

Reaction to Tshabalala-Msimang's death was muted and sympathetic.
"We don't wish ill on any human being even though we had a very difficult time with her as minister of health," Vuyiseka Dubula of the Treatment Action Campaign, a group she often clashed with, told the South African Press Association.

AIDS activists blamed Tshabalala-Msimang for spreading confusion about AIDS. They won a landmark court case against the ministry in 2002 to force it to provide pregnant women with drugs to stop them infecting their unborn child; and in 2003 to give antiretroviral therapy to people in the more advanced stages of the disease.
Tshabalala-Msimang repeatedly stressed her mistrust of antiretroviral medicine, saying too little was known about the side effects.

"All I am bombarded about is antiretrovirals, antiretrovirals," she said at a 2005 media conference. "There are other things we can be assisted in doing to respond to HIV/AIDS in this country."

Tshabalala-Msimang's recommendation was to use nutritional remedies such as olive oil, the African potato, beetroot, garlic and lemon.
"Raw garlic and a skin of the lemon — not only do they give you a beautiful face and skin but they also protect you from disease," she said.

Her views — which made her a favorite target for cartoonists — reflected mistrust in traditional African societies of "Western" remedies and earned her loyal supporters.
She shrugged off constant calls for her resignation, which reached a crescendo at the August 2006 international AIDS conference in Toronto, where the South African stand featured displays of garlic and lemons.

In a devastating speech to the conference, the then-United Nations envoy for AIDS in Africa, Stephen Lewis, slammed the government's policies as "more worthy of a lunatic fringe than of a concerned and compassionate state."
Tshabalala-Msimang continued as a cabinet minister under the caretaker presidency of Kgalema Motlanthe who replaced Mbeki. But she was not given a post after President Jacob Zuma was elected earlier this year.

However, she remained on the ANC's national executive committee.
Tshabalala-Msimang was born near Durban Oct. 9, 1940. She completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at Fort Hare in 1962 — just after the African National Congress was banned — and shortly after that was ordered into exile with 27 other students who had been singled out for their leadership potential.

When she said she was leaving for exile, her mother implored: "Please do something for me if I should never see you again — become a medical doctor," according to the Department of Health.

Tshabalala-Msimang graduated from the First Leningrad Medical Institute and then went on to gain a Masters degree in Public Health from the University of Antwerp in Belgium. She worked at hospitals in Tanzania and Botswana and returned to South Africa as apartheid was crumbling in 1990.

She was elected to parliament at the first democratic multiparty elections in 1994, was named deputy justice minister in 1996 and health minister in June 1989.
She was married to Mendi Msimang, a former ANC treasurer, and had two daughters.
Funeral details have not yet been announced.

Copyright © 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.